Duration Neglect in Retrospective Evaluations of Affective Episodes; When More Pain Is Preferred to Less
Fredrickson & Kahneman (1993); Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber & Redelmeier (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1); Psychological Science, 4(6)
Relied on in 11 places across the academy · 10 stated limits
This entry covers two papers, listed above in order. The link below opens the first.
No stable link recorded for this one — look it up by the citation above. If you have a permanent one, send it and we will add it.
What it found
Retrospective judgements of an experience are dominated by its most intense moment and by how it ended; overall duration barely registers.
In retrospective evaluation, the peak and the end dominate; how long something lasted is largely neglected.
Retrospective evaluations of an experience are dominated by its peak and its ending; total duration is largely neglected.
In retrospective evaluations of experiences, the peak and the ending dominated the remembered quality while the duration was largely neglected.
2 more phrasings of the same finding
The end of an episode carried disproportionate weight in how the whole of it was evaluated afterwards.
Retrospective judgements of an experience were dominated by its most intense moment and by how it ended, with the total duration barely registering.
What it does not show
Laboratory episodes of pain and pleasure lasting minutes. The extension to conversations, evenings and relationships is ours.
And where we carry it further
Established with pain and pleasure episodes in the lab. Applying it to the shape of a conversation is our extension.
Demonstrated with controlled pain and pleasure episodes, not conversations.
Established with pain and pleasure episodes in the laboratory. Applying it to the shape of an evening is our extension.
Established on pain and pleasure episodes in the laboratory, not on conversations. A direction, not a rule about messaging.
Established on pain and pleasure episodes in the laboratory rather than on conversations. The direction is what is being borrowed.
Laboratory episodes, not messaging.
Established with minutes-long episodes of pain and pleasure in the lab. Applying it to the length of a date is our extension.
Established with controlled pain and pleasure episodes in the laboratory. Applying it to the shape of a conversation is our extension.
Established on pain and pleasure episodes in the laboratory, not on conversations. The direction is what is being borrowed.
Laboratory episodes rather than conversations.
Where we rely on it
11 places in the academy. If this paper turned out to be wrong, this is the list that would have to change. Some of the instructions below are part of Gold; none of the findings are.
In the curriculum · 7
09 — Leave first, warmly
Topic 02 · Conversation Craft10 — Close on the upswing
Topic 09 · The Casanova Method08 — End three encounters yourself
Topic 11 · The Written Voice10 — Write the last message you would want
Topic 15 · Ending It Well01 — Leave while it is still good
Topic 15 · Ending It Well06 — End the message before the third goodbye
Topic 17 · The First Date08 — End at the time you set
In the films · 3
On the courage ladder · 1
Cited alongside it
Papers that sit under the same topics and films. Not a claim that they agree with each other — only that the same exercises lean on both.
It Doesn't Hurt to Ask: Question-Asking Increases Liking
Huang, Yeomans, Brooks, Minson & Gino (2017)Beautiful Mess Effect: Self–Other Differences in Evaluation of Showing Vulnerability
Bruk, Scholl & Bless (2018)A Cognitive Model of Social Phobia
Clark & Wells (1995)Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety
Rachman, Grüter-Andrew & Shafran (2000)(Mis)Understanding Our Influence Over Others: A Review of the Underestimated-Compliance Effect
Bohns (2016)If You Need Help, Just Ask: Underestimating Compliance With Direct Requests for Help
Flynn & Lake (2008)Research
A real study. We tell you what it found, how many people were in it, and what it can't prove.
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