Duration Neglect in Retrospective Evaluations of Affective Episodes; When More Pain Is Preferred to Less
Fredrickson & Kahneman (1993); Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber & Redelmeier (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1); Psychological Science, 4(6)
We use this paper in 11 places in the academy · 8 stated limits
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What the study found
When people look back on an experience, they mostly remember its strongest moment and how it ended. How long it lasted hardly matters.
The end of an experience counted for much more than its share when people judged the whole of it afterwards.
When people looked back on an experience, they mostly remembered its strongest moment and how it ended. How long it lasted hardly mattered.
What the study cannot prove
The studies used lab episodes of pain and pleasure that lasted minutes. Applying them to conversations, evenings and relationships is our own step.
Limits we note on the exercises
The studies used short episodes of pain and pleasure in a lab. Applying them to conversations is our own step.
The studies used controlled episodes of pain and pleasure, not conversations.
The studies used episodes of pain and pleasure in a lab, not conversations. They point in a direction. They do not give a rule about messaging.
The studies used episodes of pain and pleasure in a lab, not conversations. We are borrowing the direction of the result.
The studies used lab experiences, not messaging.
The studies used episodes of pain and pleasure in a lab that lasted minutes. Applying them to the length of a date is our own step.
The studies used controlled episodes of pain and pleasure in a lab. Applying them to conversations is our own step.
The studies used lab experiences, not conversations.
Where we use it
We use this paper in 11 places in the academy. If the paper turned out to be wrong, we would have to change everything in this list. Some of the exercise instructions below are part of Gold. You can read every finding for free.
In the topics · 7
09 — Leave first, warmly
Topic 02 · Conversation Craft10 — Close on the upswing
Topic 09 · The Casanova Method08 — End three encounters yourself
Topic 11 · The Written Voice10 — Write the last message you would want
Topic 15 · Ending It Well01 — Leave while it is still good
Topic 15 · Ending It Well06 — End the message before the third goodbye
Topic 17 · The First Date08 — End at the time you set
In the videos · 3
On the courage ladder · 1
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These papers are used in the same topics and videos as this one. That does not mean the papers agree with each other. It only means that the same exercises use both.
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A real study. We tell you what it found, how many people were in it, and what it can't prove.
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